Hospitalizations for coronavirus disease 2019: an analysis of the occurrence waves.

The pandemic has been characterized by several waves defined by viral strains responsible for the predominance of infections. We aimed to analyze the mean length of hospital stay for patients with COVID-19 during the first three waves of the pandemic and its distribution according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. This retrospective study used the notifications of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Brazilian state during the period of the three waves of the disease as the data source. There were 13,910 hospitalizations for confirmed COVID-19 cases. The first wave was the longest, with 4101 (29.5%) hospitalizations, while the third, although shorter, had a higher number of hospitalized patients (N = 6960). The average length of stay in the hospital in all waves was associated with age groups up to 60 years old., elementary, high school and higher education, residents of the periurban area Regarding the presence of comorbidities, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean number of days of hospitalization among patients with chronic cardiovascular disease and obesity (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has been distinctly revealed among the waves.

Intimate partner violence against women during covid-19: A population-based study in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Violence against women has a negative impact on multiple dimensions of women's health. During the Covid-19 pandemic, intimate partner violence against women has continued, and in some contexts has intensified. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women during covid-19 pandemic and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and life-experience factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, from January to May 2022, where 1,086 women aged 18 years and over were interviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) instrument on violence against women was used to screen outcomes. The prevalence of violence during the pandemic (psychological, physical, and sexual) and bivariate analysis with sociodemographic, behavioral, family, and life history characteristics of women were estimated. The multivariate analysis was carried out for each type of violence, the Poisson regression model was performed with an estimate of robust variance, inserting the variables of interest with (p<0.20). Those with p<0.05 remained in the adjusted model. RESULTS: The prevalence of violence psychological against women perpetrated by an intimate partner during the pandemic was the most frequent (20.2%), followed by physical (9.0%) and sexual violence (6.5%). Women with less schooling and who were single had a higher prevalence of physical and psychological violence, as did those with a history of sexual abuse in childhood and whose mothers had been beaten by their intimate partners. Sexual violence was more prevalent among non-white, with up to eight years of schooling, whose mothers had a history of intimate partner violence, and who consumed alcohol during four days or more (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by the intimate partner during the pandemic presented high magnitude among women living in Vitória. Sociodemographic, behavioral factors, and personal and maternal experiences of violence were associated with the phenomenon.

Prevalence and factors associated with recurrent violence in a southeastern Brazilian state: Cross-sectional study.

Violence is a serious public health problem and its repetitive character points to a chronic phenomenon and its insertion in the daily lives of victims. To identify the frequency of repeat violence reported in adults in a Brazilian state and its association with the characteristics of the victim, the aggressor, and the aggression. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted with data from the notifications of violence recorded in the Notifiable Diseases Information System in Espírito Santo, Brazil from 2011 to 2018. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson Chi-Squared test and the multivariate Poisson regression, using a widely used hierarchical model, with the victim's characteristics in the first level and the aggressor's characteristics and the occurrence in the second level. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that obtained P  < .2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the model, keeping those with P  < .05. Data were expressed by prevalence ratio (PR), with confidence intervals of 95%. During the period, 9933 cases of violence were registered in the adult population, referring to 1061 notifications of male adults and 8872 notifications of female adults. The prevalence of repeat violence was 56.7% (95% CI: 56.0 - 57.5). It was more prevalent among women (PR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.63 - 1.83), in the age groups over 40 years (PR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.16), black and mixed-race ( P : 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.07), and with a partner ( P : 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.12). Victims with disabilities or disorders suffered 34% more from this problem (95% CI: 1.29 - 1.38) and lived in urban or peri-urban areas (PR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.23). As for the aggressors, they were under 25 years of age (PR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.11), of both sexes (PR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.64), and were the victim's intimate partner (PR: 3.91; 95% CI: 3.25 - 4.71). The aggressions had only 1 perpetrator (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07 - 1.28) and occurred in the residence (PR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.26 - 1.41). Repeat violence showed high frequency among notifications and was associated with characteristics of the victim, aggressor, and event. The results point to a phenomenon present in the daily life of communities that is potentially capable of negatively impacting the different areas of the subjects lives. Studies on the subject are important to understand the phenomenon and implement strategic actions to confront it.

Analysis of reported cases of sexual violence in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: sexual violence includes all sexual acts consummated or attempt to obtain them, unwanted sexual comments and actions that go against the other's sexuality through coercion, which can be done through the use of physical force, psychological pressure, extortion or threat, this phenomenon appears in all life cycles. Identified the frequency and characteristics of sexual violence against women in a state in the southeastern region of Brazil. from 2011 to 2018. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that evaluated all cases of sexual violence reported in Espírito Santo, present in the Information System of Diseases and Notifications of the Ministry of Health from 2011 to 2018. The analysis was based on performed in Stata 14.1. RESULTS: the prevalence of notification of sexual violence was 13.2% (CI95%: 12.8-13.5). Most victims were women (PR: 3.38), aged between 0 and 9 years (PR: 19), with a higher prevalence in people without disabilities or disorders (PR: 1.18) and residents of urban/periurban area (PR: 1.15). Men were the most frequent aggressors (PR: 13.79), with the most prevalent cases being reported by people unknown to the victim (PR: 6.01). The occurrence was 78% more reported at home and committed by an aggressor (PR:1.19). Most cases were repeated (PR:1.13). CONCLUSIONS: the notification of sexual violence in Espírito Santo was high and evidenced the vulnerability of some groups, as well as the profile of the perpetrators. It is necessary to work on training professionals in the areas of health and education in relation to the identification of cases of sexual violence, mainly due to the significant involvement of children and adolescents.

Completeness and quality of information about death from COVID-19 in a Brazilian state: A descriptive population-based register study.

Health information is particularly essential in times of pandemics in which rapid response is crucial for political and stakeholder decision-making processes, and therefore the availability of data as well as its quality analysis are necessary. This study aimed to describe the completeness and quality of the e-Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) Health Surveillance database (SUS Vigilância em Saúde) of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from the notification of deaths from corana virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January 2020 to June 2021. A descriptive population-based register study was conducted from the analysis of the completeness of secondary data from the record of deaths from COVID-19, retrieved from the e-SUS Vigilância em Saúde (Health Surveillance) (VS) database of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from January 2020 to June 2021. A total of 11,359 death records from COVID-19 via e-SUS VS in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, were evaluated. The score used to assess incompleteness was the 1 proposed by Romero and Cunha which classifies as excellent (when < 5%), good (between 5% and 10%), regular (between 10% and 20%), poor (between 20% and 50%), and very poor (when > 50%), according to the percentage of the absence of information. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted in the Stata program, version 15.1. "Case identification" variables, and "condition" variables were classified as excellent completeness. Among the evolution variables, only "hospitalization" was classified as regular. Among the laboratory variables, only the polymerase chain reaction presented excellent completeness, while the "rapid test" and "serologies for immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M" variables were classified as good completeness. It is concluded that most of the variables available in e-SUS VS of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, of notification of deaths from COVID-19 in 2020 presented excellent completeness, confirming the excellent quality of the state database.

Violência interpessoal contra adolescentes: análise dos casos notificados no estado do espírito santo / Interpersonal violence against adolescents: an analysis of the cases notified in the state of espírito santo / Violencia interpersonal contra adolescentes: análisis de los casos notificados en el estado de espírito santo

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a frequência de notificação de violência interpessoal contra adolescentes no Espírito Santo - Brasil, e os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação de 2011 a 2018. As associações foram testadas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a frequência de violência interpessoal foi de 72,2%. O desfecho esteve associado a adolescentes do sexo masculino; com idade de 10 a 12 anos; da raça/cor preta/parda; que não apresentavam deficiências/transtornos; à ocorrência em via pública; aos agressores do sexo masculino e que estavam sob suspeita de consumo de álcool (p< 0,05). Conclusão: a violência interpessoal é um agravo de sérias implicações ao longo da vida. Esse estudo contribui para revelar a importância da vigilância de violência, a fim de conhecer a magnitude do agravo, bem como suas características para promoção da saúde, prevenção do evento e intervenção.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the notification frequency of interpersonal violence against adolescents in Espírito Santo, Brazil, and its associated factors. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Information System on Notifiable Health Problems from 2011 to 2018. The associations were tested by means of Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression. Results: the frequency of interpersonal violence was 72.2%. The outcome was associated with male adolescents, aged from 10 to 12 years old, of black/brown race/skin color, with no disabilities/disorders, occurrence on public roads, and male aggressors who were suspected of alcohol consumption (p<0.05). Conclusion: interpersonal violence is a problem with severe implications throughout life. This study helps to reveal the importance of surveilling violence in order to know the magnitude of the problem, as well as its characteristics for health promotion, prevention of the events and due intervention.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de notificación de casos de violencia interpersonal contra adolescentes en Espírito Santo, Brasil, y los factores asociados. Método: estudio transversal realizado entre 2011 y 2018 con datos del Sistema de Información sobre Problemas de Salud de Notificación Obligatoria. Las asociaciones se sometieron a las pruebas chi-cuadrado de Pearson y regresión de Poisson. Resultados: la frecuencia de violencia interpersonal fue del 72,2%. El desenlace se asoció con adolescentes varones, de 10 a 12 años de edad, de raza negra/morena y sin discapacidades/trastornos; al igual que con incidentes en la vía pública y agresores del sexo masculino bajo sospecha de consumo de alcohol (p < 0,05). Conclusión: la violencia interpersonal es un problema con graves repercusiones a lo largo de la vida. Este estudio contribuye a revelar la importancia de supervisar la violencia con el fin de conocer la magnitud del daño, como también sus características para la promoción de la salud, prevención de los eventos y debida intervención.

Violência autoprovocada no Espírito Santo: uma análise dos casos notificados / Self-inflicted violence in Espírito Santo: an analysis of reported cases / Violencia autoinfligida en Espírito Santo: un análisis de los casos notificados

Objetivo: identificar a frequência de casos notificados de violência autoprovocada no Espírito Santo entre os anos de 2011 a 2018 e os fatores associados. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal que utilizou todos os casos notificados de violência autoprovocada registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação entre 2011 e 2018 no estado do Espírito Santo. A análise multivariada foi realizada pela Regressão de Poisson e o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a prevalência da violência autoprovocada foi de 25,1% (IC95%: 24,6-25,5). O grupo de 10 a 19 anos de idade teve uma prevalência cerca de 19 vezes maior de notificação de violência autoprovocada, assim como, pessoas de raça/cor branca (RP: 1,26) e com deficiência/transtornos (RP: 2,85) apresentaram maior frequência desse agravo. Foi observado maior prevalência entre aqueles sem suspeita de uso de álcool (RP: 2,36), com a ocorrência cerca de 4 vezes maior na residência, e, um aumento em cerca de 50% dos casos sem caráter de repetição. Conclusão: a violência autoprovocada no Espírito Santo se apresentou elevada no período estudado e esteve associada a características da vítima e do evento. Profissionais de saúde são fundamentais no processo de rastreio desse agravo e consequentemente em traçar estratégias de prevenção e proteção das vítimas.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of reported cases of self-inflicted violence and associated factors in Espírito Santo between 2011 and 2018.Method: this is a cross-sectional study that used all reported cases of self-inflicted violence registered in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação between 2011 and 2018, in the state of Espírito Santo. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson Regression.Results: the prevalence of self-inflicted violence was 25.1%. The 10 to 19-year-old group had a prevalence of approximately 19 times greater self-inflicted violence report, as did people of white race/color (PR: 1.26) and people with disabilities/disorders (PR: 2.85) showed a higher frequency of this problem. A higher prevalence was observed among those without suspected alcohol use (PR: 2.36), with an occurrence approximately four times higher in the home, and an increase in approximately 50% of non-repeating cases.Conclusion: reports of self-inflicted violence in Espírito Santo were high during the period studied and were associated with characteristics of the victim and the event. Health professionals are fundamental in the process of tracking this problem and consequently in the process of designing prevention and protection strategies for victims.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de casos notificados de violencia autoinfligida en Espírito Santo entre los años 2011 y 2018, así como los factores asociados. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal que utilizó todos los casos notificados de violencia autoinfligida registrados en el Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación entre 2011 y 2018 en el estado de Espírito Santo. El análisis multivariado se llevó a cabo mediante la Regresión de Poisson. Resultados: la prevalencia de la violencia autoinfligida fue del 25,1%. El grupo de 10 a 19 años de edad presentó una prevalencia aproximadamente 19 veces mayor de notificación de violencia autoinfligida. Asimismo, las personas de raza/color blanco (RP: 1,26) y con discapacidad/trastornos (RP: 2,85) mostraron una mayor frecuencia de este agravio. Se observó una mayor prevalencia entre aquellos sin sospecha de uso de alcohol (RP: 2,36), con una ocurrencia aproximadamente cuatro veces mayor en la residencia, y un aumento de alrededor del 50% en los casos sin carácter repetitivo. Conclusión: las notificaciones de violencia autoinfligida en Espírito Santo fueron elevadas en el período estudiado y se asociaron con características de la víctima y del evento. Los profesionales de la salud desempeñan un papel fundamental en el proceso de detección de este agravio y, consecuentemente, en el diseño de estrategias de prevención y protección de las víctimas.(AU)

Violência autoprovocada no espírito santo: uma análise dos casos entre mulheres / Violencia autoprovocada en espírito santo: análisis de los casos registrados en mujeres / Self-inflicted violence in espírito santo: an analysis of cases among women

Objetivo: analisar os casos notificados de violência autoprovocada entre mulheres no período de 2011 a 2018 no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal com os casos notificados de violência em mulheres. Foram analisadas as características da vítima e da agressão, calculadas as frequências relativas e absolutas, bem como realizada a análise multivariada pela Regressão de Poisson. A análise foi feita pelo Stata 14.0. Resultados: a frequência encontrada foi de 26,8%. Adolescentes são maioria das vítimas do estudo, sendo eles de raça/cor branca, com deficiência ou transtorno, que não fizeram o uso de álcool durante a autoagressão. O agravo ocorreu na residência e sem caráter de repetição (p<0,05). Conclusão: evidencia-se a alta frequência de violência autoprovocada no sexo feminino e sua associação com características da vítima e do evento. É fundamental a notificação dos casos suspeitos ou confirmados e as ações de prevenção e enfrentamento a esse agravo.

Objetivo: analizar los casos notificados de violencia autoprovocada entre mujeres durante el período de 2011 a 2018 en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal realizado con los casos notificados de violencia en mujeres. Se analizaron las características de las víctimas y de las agresiones, se calcularon las frecuencias relativas y absolutas, y también se realizó un análisis multivariado por medio de Regresión de Poisson. El análisis se efectuó en Stata 14.0. Resultados: se encontró una frecuencia del 26,8%. En el estudio, la mayoría de las víctimas son adolescentes, de raza/color de piel blanca, con alguna discapacidad o trastorno, y no han consumido bebidas alcohólicas durante la autoagresión. Las lesiones se produjeron en el hogar de las víctimas y no presentaron recurrencia (p<0,05). Conclusión: se hace evidente la elevada frecuencia de violencia autoprovocada en el sexo femenino y su asociación con características de las víctimas y de los sucesos. Es fundamental notificar las sospechas o confirmaciones de casos y las acciones para prevenir y hacer frente a este problema.

Objective: to analyze reported cases of self-inflicted violence among women from 2011 to 2018 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study based on reported cases of violence among women. The characteristics of both the victims and the aggressions were analyzed, relative and absolute frequencies were calculated, and a multivariate data analysis was performed with Poisson Regression. The analysis was carried out using the Stata 14.0 software. Results: the frequency found was 26.8%. In the study, most victims are adolescents, self-declared as white-skinned, with some disability or disorder, and not consuming alcohol during the self-aggression. The injuries occurred at the victims' homes and were non-recurring (p<0.05). Conclusion: the high frequency of self-inflicted violence among women could be associated with characteristics of the victim and the event. Suspected or confirmed cases should be reported and actions to prevent and cope with this problem must be taken.

Violência física contra o sexo feminino no espírito santo / Violencia física contra la mujer en espírito santo-brasil / Physical violence against women in espírito santo

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a frequência da notificação de violência física contra o sexo feminino no estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 2011 a 2018, e sua associação com as características da vítima, do agressor e da ocorrência. Método: estudo transversal, com análise dos casos de violência física contra mulheres notificadas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação em 2011-2018. As associações foram testadas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a notificação de violência física contra meninas e mulheres representou uma frequência de 54,1%. O grupo feminino de 20 a 59 anos tem cerca de 4,3 vezes mais prevalência de ser vítima de violência física quando comparado ao grupo de 0-9 anos. As mulheres pretas/pardas têm 1,06 vezes mais frequência de notificação de violência física. A maior parte das ocorrências do evento foi observado entre as sem deficiência/transtorno e residentes na zona urbana/periurbana. A violência física contra mulheres foi 1,71 vezes mais praticada por um conhecido, e com suspeita de uso de álcool (RP:1,07). Conclusão: a violência física contra o sexo feminino foi elevada e apresenta associação com determinadas características da vítima do agressor e da ocorrência, tais achados podem nortear as tomadas de decisões no enfrentamento a violência.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de notificación de violencia física contra el sexo femenino en el estado del Espírito Santo-Brasil, en el período de 2011 a 2018, y su asociación con las características de la víctima, del agresor y de la ocurrencia. Método: estudio transversal, con análisis de los casos de violencia física contra mujeres notificados en el Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación en 2011-2018. Las asociaciones fueron comprobadas por la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y regresión de Poisson. Resultados: la notificación de violencia física contra niñas y mujeres representó una frecuencia de 54,1%. El grupo femenino de 20 a 59 años tiene cerca de 4,3 veces más prevalencia de ser víctima de violencia física cuando comparado al grupo de 0-9 años. Las mujeres negras/pardas tienen 1,06 veces más frecuencia de notificación de violencia física. La mayor parte de las ocurrencias del evento fue observada entre las sin discapacidad/trastorno y residentes en la zona urbana/periurbana. La violencia física contra mujeres fue 1,71 veces más practicada por un conocido, y con sospecha de uso de alcohol (RP:1,07). Conclusión: la violencia física contra el sexo femenino fue elevada y presenta asociación con determinadas características de la víctima del agresor y de la ocurrencia, tales hallazgos pueden guiar las tomas de decisiones en el enfrentamiento a la violencia.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the frequency of notification of physical violence against women in the state of Espírito Santo, from 2011 to 2018, and its association with the characteristics of the victim, the aggressor and the occurrence. Method: cross-sectional study with analysis of cases of physical violence against women reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System in 2011-2018. The associations were tested by Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression. Results: the notification of physical violence against girls and women represented a frequency of 54.1%. The female group aged 20 to 59 years has about 4.3 times more prevalence of being a victim of physical violence when compared to the group aged 0-9 years. Black/brown women have 1.06 times more frequency of notification of physical violence. Most of the occurrences of the event were observed among those without disability/disorder and residents in the urban/periurban area. Physical violence against women was 1.71 times more practiced by an acquaintance, and with suspected alcohol use (PR:1.07). Conclusion: physical violence against women was high and presents association with certain characteristics of the victim of the aggressor and the occurrence, such findings can guide decision-making in coping with violence.

Análise dos casos de violência interpessoal contra mulheres / Análisis de casos de violencia interpersonal contra mujeres / Analysis of cases of interpersonal violence against women

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os casos notificados de violência interpessoal contra as mulheres no estado do Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudo analítico, do tipo transversal, em que foram analisados os casos notificados de violência contra a mulher no período de 2011 a 2018 no Espírito Santo. Os dados que foram analisados neste estudo são resultantes das Fichas de Notificação/Investigação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson, utilizando o software Stata 14.1, sendo considerados significativos valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados A notificação de violência interpessoal no sexo feminino representou frequência de 74,9% (n=20.449; IC95%: 74,4-75,4). Foi observado que crianças e idosas apresentaram 35% mais prevalência desse agravo comparada aos adolescentes. Há maior frequência desse fenômeno entre pessoas de cor preta / parda (RP: 1,07; IC95%:1,05-1,08) comparada àquelas de cor branca. Quanto às características do agressor verifica-se maior prevalência na faixa etária de 25 anos e mais (RP: 1,09; IC95%: 1,06-1,11), do sexo masculino (RP: 3,02; IC95%: 2,88-3,17) e sob suspeita de uso de álcool no momento da agressão (IC95%: 1,05-1,08). Em relação ao evento, nota-se uma frequência 1,28 vezes maior em via pública. Conclusão Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e experiências pessoais de violência influenciam a ocorrência do fenômeno.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los casos notificados de violencia interpersonal contra mujeres en el estado de Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudio analítico, tipo transversal, en el que se analizaron los casos notificados de violencia contra la mujer en el período de 2011 a 2018 en Espírito Santo. Los datos que fueron analizados en este estudio son resultantes de las Fichas de Notificación/Investigación de Violencia Interpersonal y Autoprovocada provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación (SINAN). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante la prueba χ2 de Pearson y regresión de Poisson, con el uso del software Stata 14.1, donde se consideraron significativos valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados La notificación de violencia interpersonal en el sexo femenino representó una frecuencia de 74,9 % (n=20.449; IC95 %: 74,4-75,4). Se observó que niñas y adultas mayores presentan un 35 % más de prevalencia de este agravio, comparadas con adolescentes. Existe una mayor frecuencia de este fenómeno en personas de color negro / pardo (RP: 1,07; IC95 %:1,05-1,08), comparadas con las de color blanco. Respecto a las características del agresor, se verificó mayor prevalencia en el grupo de edad de 25 años o más (RP: 1,09; IC95 %: 1,06-1,11), de sexo masculino (RP: 3,02; IC95 %: 2,88-3,17) y con sospecha de uso de alcohol en el momento de la agresión (IC95 %: 1,05-1,08). Con relación al evento, se observa una frecuencia 1,28 veces mayor en la vía pública. Conclusión Factores sociodemográficos, de comportamiento y experiencias personales de violencia influyen para que suceda este fenómeno

Abstract Objective To analyze the reported cases of interpersonal violence against women in the state of Espírito Santo. Methods This is an analytical, cross-sectional study, which analyzed the reported cases of violence against women from 2011 to 2018 in Espírito Santo. The data that were analyzed in this study are the result of the Reporting Forms/Investigation of Interpersonal and Self-inflicted Violence from the Reporting Diseases Information System (SINAN). Statistical analyzes were performed using the chi-square test and Poisson regression, using Stata 14.1, with p-values lower than 0.05 being considered significant. Results Interpersonal violence reporting in females represented a frequency of 74.9% (n=20,449; 95%CI: 74.4-75.4). It was observed that children and older adults had a 35% higher prevalence of this condition compared to adolescents. There is a higher frequency of this phenomenon among black/brown people (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.05-1.08) compared to white people. As for aggressor characteristics, there is a higher prevalence in the age group of 25 years and older (PR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06-1.11), male (PR: 3.02; 95%CI: 2.88-3.17) and under suspicion of alcohol consumption at the time of aggression (95%CI: 1.05-1.08). Regarding the event, there is a frequency 1.28 times higher on public thoroughfare. Conclusion Sociodemographic, behavioral factors and personal experiences of violence influence its occurrence.

Prevalência e fatores associados à negligência contra crianças em um estado brasileiro / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la negligencia contra niños en un estado brasileño / Prevalence and factors associated child neglect in a Brazilian state

RESUMO Objetivo Quantificar a prevalência da negligência contra a criança e identificar seus fatores associados, a partir dos casos notificados no estado do Espírito Santo no período entre 2011 e 2018. Métodos Estudo transversal com dados notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) com todos os casos notificados de negligência contra a criança no período de 2011 a 2018 no Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram estudadas as características da vítima, do autor e da agressão e as associações foram analisadas por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Resultados A frequência de negligência foi 31,3%, sendo mais prevalente no sexo masculino (RP: 1,48; IC95%: 1,34-1,63); na faixa etária de 0 a 2 anos (RP: 3,05; IC95%: 2,65-3,51); entre agressores do sexo feminino (RP: 16,20; IC95%: 9,98-26,32), e, em relação ao vínculo nota-se a maior prevalência de pais/padrastos (RP: 6,69; IC95%: 4,16-10,74), ambos os pais (RP: 4,41; IC95%: 2,84-6,85) e mães/madrastas (RP: 2,94; IC95%: 2,20-3,93). Conclusões e Implicações para a prática A magnitude de negligência contra crianças no Espírito Santo foi expressiva, demonstrando a necessidade de avançar no entendimento deste fenômeno e na implementação de políticas públicas intersetoriais ampliadas que visem garantir condições adequadas para o crescimento e desenvolvimento na infância.

RESUMEN Objetivo Cuantificar la prevalencia del abandono infantil e identificar sus factores asociados, a partir de los casos notificados en el estado de Espírito Santo entre 2011 y 2018. Métodos Estudio transversal con datos notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Notificable (SINAN) con todos los casos reportados de negligencia infantil entre 2011 y 2018 en Espírito Santo, Brasil. Se estudiaron las características de la víctima, del agresor y de la agresión y se analizaron las asociaciones mediante Regresión de Poisson. Resultados La frecuencia de abandono fue del 31,3%, siendo más prevalente en el sexo masculine (RP: 1,48; IC95%: 1,34-1,63); en el grupo de edad de 0 a 2 años (RP: 3,05; IC95%: 2,65-3,51); entre las mujeres agresoras (RP: 16,20; IC95%: 9,98-26,32), y en relación al vínculo hay mayor prevalencia de padres/padrastros (RP: 6,69; IC95%: 4,16-10,74), ambos padres (RP: 4,41; IC95%: 2,84-6,85) y madres/madrastras (RP: 2,94; IC95%: 2,20-3,93). Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica La magnitud del abandono de los niños fue expresiva, demostrando la necesidad de avanzar en la comprensión de este fenómeno y en la implementación de políticas públicas intersectoriales ampliadas que tengam como objetivo garantizar condiciones adecuadas para el crecimiento y desarrollo en la infancia.

ABSTRACT Objective To quantify the prevalence of neglect against the child and identify its associated factors, based on the cases reported in the state of Espírito Santo between 2011 and 2018. Methods Cross-sectional study with data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) with all reported cases of child neglect from 2011 to 2018 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The characteristics of the victim, author, and aggression were studied, and the associations were analyzed by Poisson regression. Results The frequency of neglect was 31.3%, being more prevalent in males (PR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.34-1.63); for the age group of zero to two years (PR: 3.05; 95%CI: 2.65-3.51); among female aggressors (PR: 16.20; 95%CI: 9.98-26.32), and regarding the bond to the victim, we note the highest prevalence of parents/stepfathers (PR: 6.69; 95%CI: 4.16-10.74), both parents (PR: 4.41; 95%CI: 2.84-6.85) and mothers/stepmothers (PR: 2.94; 95%CI: 2.20-3.93). Conclusions and Implications for the practice The magnitude of child neglect in Espírito Santo was significant, showing the need to advance in the understanding of this phenomenon and in the implementation of expanded intersectoral public policies aimed at ensuring adequate conditions for growth and development in childhood.

Violência autoprovocada em adultos no Espírito Santo entre 2011-2018: análises em relação aos casos notificados / Self-harm violence in adults in Espírito Santo between 2011-2018: Analyses in relation to reported cases / Violencia autoinflingida de adultos en Espírito Santo entre 2011-2018: análisis en relación a casos informados

Objetivo: identificar a proporção de violência autoprovocada em adultos em relação aos casos notificados no Espírito Santo no período de 2011-2018 e sua associação com características individuais e do evento. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com dados dos casos notificados de violência do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Espírito Santo, entre 2011 e 2018. A população de interesse foi de indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos. O desfecho foi violência autoprovocada. Características individuais e do evento foram as variáveis independentes. Realizou-se análise bivariada e multivariada apresentadas em razão de prevalência bruta e ajustada. Resultados: a proporção de violência autoprovocada notificada foi de 29,6% no período estudado. Considerando o montante de casos de violência notificados, foram verificadas associações de violência autoprovocada com sexo feminino, ter idade 20 a 29 anos, apresentar maior escolaridade, deficiência ou transtorno mental, residência como local de ocorrência, suspeita de uso de álcool e ausência de história de ocorrência anterior. Conclusão: as variáveis relacionadas ao indivíduo e ao ambiente da ocorrência estão associadas a violência autoprovocada, indicando um perfil específico para estes casos de violência em relação ao conjunto das notificações.

Objective: identify the proportion of self-inflicted violence in adults in relation to reported cases in Espírito Santo in the period 2011-2018 and its association with individual and event characteristics. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted with data from reported cases of violence from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of Espírito Santo, between 2011 and 2018. The population of interest was individuals in the aged between 20 and 59 years. The outcome variable was self-inflicted violence. The individual and event characteristics were the independent variables. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed and presented in relation to the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio. Results: the proportion of self-inflicted violence reported was 29.6% in the period studied. Considering the number of reported cases of violence, associations of self-inflicted violence were verified with the female gender, age range of 20 to 29 years, higher education, disability or mental disorder, residence as place of occurrence, suspected alcohol use, and no history of previous event occurrence. Conclusion: the variables related to the individual and the environment of the occurrence are associated with self-inflicted violence, indicating a specific profile for these cases of violence in relation to the set of notifications

Objetivo: identificar la proporción de violencia autoinflingida de adultos en relación a casos informados en Espírito Santo en período 2011-2018 y su asociación con características individuales y del evento. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado sobre datos de los casos informados de violencia del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria (SINAN, acorde sigla en portugués) de Espírito Santo, entre 2011 y 2018. La población de interés corresponde a individuos en faja etaria de 20 a 59 años. El desenlace refiere a violencia autoinflingida. Las características individuales y del evento fueron las variables independientes. Se realizó análisis bivariado y multivariado, expresados en razón de prevalencia bruta y ajustada. Resultados: la proporción de violencia autoinflingida informada fue del 29,6% en el período estudiado. Considerando la cantidad de casos de violencia notificados, fueron verificadas asociaciones de violencia autoinflingida con sexo femenino, edad de 20 a 29 años, tener mayor escolarización, deficiencia o trastorno mental, domicilio como lugar de ocurrencia, sospecha de abuso de alcohol y ausencia de historial de ocurrencia previa. Conclusión: las variables relacionadas al individuo y al ámbito de ocurrencia están asociadas a violencia autoinflingida, indicando un perfil específico para estos casos de violencia en relación al conjunto de notificaciones.

Violência sexual contra mulheres: uma análise das notificações no Espírito Santo, Brasil / Violencia sexual contra las mujeres: un análisis de las notificaciones en Espírito Santo, Brasil / Sexual violence against women: an analysis of notifications in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a frequência e os fatores associados à violência sexual contra mulheres no Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado a partir de dados notificados entre 2011 e 2018 no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A análise multivariada foi conduzida por meio da regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. Resultados A frequência de violência sexual foi de 15,6%, sendo maior a ocorrência em crianças; pessoas sem deficiências e/ou transtornos; residentes em área urbana; com agressor único, desconhecido, do sexo masculino e sem suspeita de uso de álcool. A residência foi o local de maior ocorrência e o caráter de repetição esteve presente. Conclusão e implicações para a prática A violência sexual contra mulheres apresentou alta frequência no estado. Os resultados reforçam a associação desse agravo com características da vítima, do agressor e do evento, evidenciando a vulnerabilidade das crianças e o espaço doméstico como um cenário de grande frequência desse agravo.

Resumen Objetivo Estimar la frecuencia y los factores asociados con la violencia sexual contra la mujer en Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado a partir de datos notificados entre 2011 y 2018 en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria. El análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión de Poisson, con varianza robusta. Resultados La frecuencia de violencia sexual fue del 15,6%. La prevalencia fue mayor en niñas; personas sin discapacidades y/o trastornos; residentes en áreas urbanas; con un único agresor, desconocido, del género masculino y sin sospecha de consumo de alcohol. La residencia fue el lugar de mayor ocurrencia y el carácter de repetición estuvo presente. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica La violencia sexual contra las mujeres fue altamente prevalente en el estado. Los resultados refuerzan la asociación de esa condición con las características de la víctima, del agresor y del evento, evidenciando la vulnerabilidad de las niñas y el espacio doméstico como escenario de alta frecuencia de esa condición.

Abstract Objective To estimate the frequency and factors associated with sexual violence against women in Espírito Santo. Methods Cross-sectional study based on data reported between 2011 and 2018 in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, with robust variance. Results The frequency of sexual violence was 15.6%, being the prevalence higher among children; people without disabilities and/or disorders; urban areas residents; with a sole, male, unknown aggressor and without suspicion of alcohol use. The residence was the place with the highest occurrence and the character of repetition was present. Conclusion and implications for practice Sexual violence against women was highly prevalent in the state. The results reinforce the association of this condition with the characteristics of the victim, the aggressor and the event, evidencing the vulnerability of children and the domestic space as a scenario of high frequency of this harm.

Violência recorrente contra mulheres: análise dos casos notificados / Violencia recurrente contra mujeres: análisis de los casos notificados / Recurrent violence against women: analysis of reported cases

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a frequência de recorrência da violência contra mulheres nos diferentes ciclos de vida e verificar os fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com dados de notificação de violência contra o sexo feminino do estado do Espírito Santo no período de 2011 a 2018. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, por meio da Ficha de Notificação/Investigação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas por meio da regressão de Poisson e do teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados A frequência de recorrência de violência no sexo feminino foi de 58,9% (IC95% 58,2-59,5). A violência de repetição foi 1,26 vez mais prevalente nas idosas e 32% mais frequente entre aquelas com deficiência; as notificações em área urbana foram 8% maiores. Quanto ao agressor, o sexo masculino prevaleceu (razão de prevalência de 1,37; IC95% 1,28-1,46), e faixa etária mais frequente foi mais de 25 anos (razão de prevalência de 1,07; IC95% 1,03-1,11). A violência recorrente foi 3,28 vezes mais cometida por conhecidos e por um agressor único (razão de prevalência de 1,24). As notificações de violência recorrente foram 55% mais prevalentes na residência. Conclusão A alta frequência da violência de repetição e as associações com as características estudadas refletem a necessidade de atenção a esse público, bem como a importância de ações que visem à detecção precoce da violência e à adequada assistência às vítimas e aos agressores familiares, a fim de evitar a perpetuação das agressões no cotidiano das mulheres.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la frecuencia de recurrencia de la violencia contra mujeres en los diferentes ciclos de la vida y verificar los factores asociados. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con datos de notificación de violencia contra el sexo femenino del estado de Espírito Santo, en el período de 2011 a 2018. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación, por medio de la Ficha de Notificación/Investigación de Violencia Interpersonal y Autoprovocada. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos mediante la regresión de Poisson y la prueba χ2 de Pearson. Resultados La frecuencia de recurrencia de violencia en personas de sexo femenino fue de 58,9 % (IC95 % 58,2-59,5). La violencia de repetición fue 1,26 veces más prevalente en mujeres mayores y 32 % más frecuente entre aquellas con discapacidad. Hubo un 8 % más de notificaciones en área urbana. Respecto al agresor, el sexo masculino prevaleció (razón de prevalencia de 1,37; IC95 % 1,28-1,46), y el grupo de edad más frecuente fue más de 25 años (razón de prevalencia de 1,07; IC95 % 1,03-1,11). La violencia recurrente fue 3,28 veces más cometida por conocidos y por un único agresor (razón de prevalencia de 1,24). Las notificaciones de violencia recurrente fueron un 55 % más prevalentes en la residencia. Conclusión La alta frecuencia de violencia de repetición y las asociaciones con las características estudiadas reflejan la necesidad de atención a este público, así como la importancia de acciones que busquen la detección temprana de la violencia y la atención adecuada a las víctimas y a los agresores familiares, a fin de evitar la perpetuación de las agresiones en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres.

Abstract Objective To identify the frequency of recurrence of violence against women in different life cycles and to verify associated factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with data on report of violence against women in the state of Espírito Santo from 2011 to 2018. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were used, through the Interpersonal and Self-Inflicted Violence Reporting/Investigation Form. Statistical analyzes were performed using Poisson regression and the chi-square test. Results The frequency of recurrence of violence in females was 58.9% (95%CI 58.2-59.5). Repeated violence was 1.26 times more prevalent among elderly women and 32% more frequent among those with disabilities, and reports in urban areas were 8% higher. As for the aggressor, males prevailed (Prevalence Ratio of 1.37; 95%CI 1.28-1.46), and the most frequent age group was over 25 years (Prevalence Ratio of 1.07; 95%CI 1 03-1.11). Recurrent violence was 3.28 times more committed by acquaintances and by a single perpetrator (Prevalence Ratio of 1.24). Reports of recurrent violence were 55% more prevalent in the household. Conclusion The high frequency of recurrent violence and the associations with the characteristics studied reflect the need for attention to this public as well as the importance of actions aimed at the early detection of violence and adequate assistance to victims and family aggressors, in order to avoid the perpetuation of aggression in women's daily lives.

Apoio social percebido por puérperas e seus fatores associados / Social support as perceived by women in puerperium and associated factors / Apoyo social percibido por puérperas y factores asociados

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência dos tipos de apoio social percebido por puérperas e verificar a sua associação com as características socioeconômicas, comportamentais e experiência de vida. Método: estudo transversal realizado em uma maternidade de risco habitual de um município do Espírito Santo com 330 puérperas no ano de 2017. Foi aplicada a escala de Apoio Social Medical Outcomes Study em português. A medida de associação adotada foi a razão de prevalência e aplicado a regressão de Poisson ajustada. Estudo aprovado pelo comitê de ética. Resultados: o apoio social nas dimensões afetiva, emocional e de interação social positiva, foram os que apresentaram maiores escores, enquanto a dimensão de apoio material, o menor. Fatores socioeconômicos, comportamentais e experiência de violência estiveram associados ao apoio social recebido (p<0,05). Conclusão: profissionais envolvidos na assistência prestada a puérpera devem estar atentos às necessidades do apoio social como também conhecer a rede de apoio social da mulher.

Objective: to identify the types of social support perceived by puerperal women and examine their associations with socioeconomic, behavioral and life-experience characteristics. Method: this cross-sectional study with 330 postpartum women in a low-risk maternity hospital in a municipality of Espírito Santo State was conducted in 2017 using the scale of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey in Portuguese. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio and adjusted Poisson regression was applied. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: social support scored highest in the affective, emotional and positive social interaction dimensions; lowest in the material support dimension. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and having experienced violence were associated with the social received (p < 0.05). Conclusion: professionals involved in providing care to puerperal women should be attentive to social support needs and should learn these women's social support networks.

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de los tipos de apoyo social recibido por puérperas y verificar su asociación con las características socioeconómicas, conductuales y experiencia de vida. Método: estudio transversal realizado en un hospital maternidad de riesgo habitual en un municipio de Espírito Santo junto a 330 puérperas, en 2017. Se aplicó la escala Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. La medida de asociación adoptada fue la razón de prevalencia y se aplicó la regresión de Poisson ajustada. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: el apoyo social en las dimensiones afectiva, emocional y de interacción social positiva presentó las puntuaciones más altas, mientras que la dimensión apoyo material las más bajas. Factores socioeconómicos, conductuales y experiencia de violencia estuvieron asociados al apoyo recibido (p<0,05). Conclusión: los profesionales involucrados en la atención a la puérpera deben estar atentos a las necesidades del apoyo social, así como deben conocer la red de apoyo social de la mujer.

Intimate Partner Violence against Mastectomized Women: Victims' Experiences.

Exposure to situations of domestic violence during the treatment for breast cancer may compromise the treatment and quality of life of women patients, so it is essential that health professionals act in tracking this phenomenon in the approach to and care of women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of violence against women by their intimate partners after mastectomy. This is an exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in the Rehabilitation Program for Mastectomized Women in a Brazilian reference hospital for oncological treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 mastectomized women. For data analysis, a content analysis technique was performed. The women interviewed were predominantly brown, with a minimum age of 44 years and maximum of 72 years. They presented with low education, were married, and had a mean period of five years of breast cancer diagnosis. The participants reported that after mastectomy, they experienced episodes of violence at a time when they were extremely vulnerable due to the various cancer treatments. Three major thematic categories emerged from interview data across the data collection: (1) experiences of psychological violence, (2) experiences of physical violence, and (3) experiences of sexual violence. Psychological violence took the form of humiliation and contempt for their condition. Physical violence involved assault and sexual violence in the form of forced sex by coercion. Violence was a phenomenon present after mastectomy, practiced in the domestic environment by the intimate partner. We emphasize the importance of health professionals in screening for this issue by listening to and welcoming women, recording cases, exposing this situation, and contributing to prevention.

COVID-19 Mortality in Public Hospitals in a Brazilian State: An Analysis of the Three Waves of the Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze COVID-19 deaths in public hospitals in a Brazilian state, stratified by the three waves of the pandemic, and to test their association with socio-clinical variables. METHODS: Observational analytical study, where 5436 deaths by COVID-19 occurred in hospitals of the public network of Espírito Santo, between 1 April 2020, and 31 August 2021, stratified by the three waves of the pandemic, were analyzed. For the bivariate analyses, the Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's Exact or Friedman's tests were performed depending on the Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution of the data. For the relationship between time from diagnosis to death in each wave, quantile regression was used, and multinomial regression for multiple analyses. RESULTS: The mean time between diagnosis and death was 18.5 days in the first wave, 20.5 days in the second wave, and 21.4 days in the third wave. In the first wave, deaths in public hospitals were associated with the following variables: immunodeficiency, obesity, neoplasia, and origin. In the second wave, deaths were associated with education, O2 saturation < 95%, chronic neurological disease, and origin. In the third wave, deaths were associated with race/color, education, difficulty breathing, nasal or conjunctival congestion, irritability or confusion, adynamia or weakness, chronic cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and diabetes mellitus. Origin was associated with the outcome in the three waves of the pandemic, in the same way that education was in the second and third waves (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The time interval between diagnosis and death can be impacted by several factors, such as: plasticity of the health system, improved clinical management of patients, and the start of vaccination at the end of January 2021, which covered the age group with the higher incidence of deaths. The deaths occurring in public hospitals were associated with socio-clinical characteristics.

Sexual Violence against Adolescents in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil: An Analysis of Reported Cases.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the prevalence of the reported cases of sexual violence against adolescents and analyze their associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study (n = 561) was conducted with reported data on sexual violence against adolescents in the state of Espírito Santo registered in SINAN between 2011 and 2018 to understand the prevalence and predictors of sexual violence against adolescent victims, as well as to describe the perpetrators and the nature of the aggression. Variables to characterize the victim, aggression, and perpetrator were used. Bivariate analyses were performed using chi-square (χ2) and Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate analyses were conducted using log-binomial models; the results were presented with prevalence ratios. All analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS: The prevalence of sexual violence was 32.6%, and 93% of the victims were female. In both males and females, the reported sexual violence was associated with a younger age (10-12 years old), living at home, being related to the perpetrator, and a history of sexual violence. In females, the reported sexual violence was also associated with the number of perpetrators, and in males, with the perpetrator's age. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show the high frequency of reporting of sexual violence and the characteristics of the victim, the aggression, and the aggressor as factors associated with its occurrence in both sexes. The importance of health information systems for disseminating data and the need for measures to prevent and treat the violence among adolescents is urgent.

Health Policies for Rare Disease Patients: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map the available evidence on the implementation of public health policies directed at individuals with rare diseases, and to compare the implementation of these health policies between Brazil and other countries. METHOD: A scoping review guided by the PRISMA-ScR and JBI checklists. The search for articles was conducted in eight electronic databases, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and LILACS, using controlled descriptors, synonyms, and keywords combined with Boolean operators. All steps of this review were independently conducted by two researchers. The selected studies were classified by evidence hierarchy, and a generic quantitative tool was used for the assessment of the studies. RESULTS: A total of 473 studies were identified, of which 13 which met all the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. Of these studies, 61.5% (n = 8) had final scores equal to or greater than 70%, i.e., they were classified by this tool as being well-reported. The comparative analysis of international rare diseases demonstrates that public authorities' priorities and recommendations regarding this topic also permeate and apply to the Brazilian context. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation and monitoring of public policies directed at rare disease patients are urgent and necessary to improve and implement such policies with less bureaucracy and more determination for this unique population that requires timely and high-quality care.

Recurring violence against adolescents: an analysis of notifications. / Violência recorrente contra adolescentes: uma análise das notificações.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the frequency of reported cases of recurring violence against adolescents and their association with victim, violence, and aggressor characteristics. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted with notified data on violence against adolescents, produced by Epidemiological Surveillance and registered in the Information System of Diseases and Notification (SINAN), from 2011 to 2018, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. RESULTS: the frequency of recurring violence against adolescents was 46.4%. Higher occurrence was observed among girls (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15 - 1.38) between 10 and 14 years of age (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.13 - 1.28), and people with a disability or disorder (PR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.42 - 1.62). Psychological violence/neglect was 30% more prevalent in recurrence than self-harm. Most cases occurred at home (PR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.37 - 1.77). Results showed a 1.11 times higher prevalence of recurring violence perpetrated by aggressors aged 20 years or older and higher evidence in male aggressors (95%CI: 0.97 - 1.17). CONCLUSION: recurring violence was associated with victim, aggressor, and event characteristics. Health intersectoriality is crucial to reduce cases of recurring violence.(1) Frequency of recurring violence against adolescents was 46.4%. (2) Higher recurrence was observed among girls between 10 and 14 years of age. (3) Most cases occurred at home. (4) Recurring violence was associated with victim, aggressor, and event characteristics. (5) Results show 1.11 times > prevalence of recurring violence perpetrated by men ≥ 20 years old.